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Microschizaea robusta

(Baker) C.F.Reed (1948)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Pteridophyta Class/Clade: Polypodiopsida Order: Schizaeales Family: Schizaeaceae Genus: Microschizaea

‘ōali‘i makali‘i, haili o pua, oali‘i makali‘i [oalii makalii], toothbrush fern

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form:

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves:

Sori:

Gametophyte:

Ploidy:

Habitat:

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Indigenous

Island Status

Kaua'i Indigenous
O'ahu Indigenous
Molokai Indigenous
Lana'i Not in flora
Maui Indigenous
Hawai'i Indigenous

Dispersal Agents


Specimens

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Bibliography

Name Published In: Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 21: 134 (1948)

Other References

Palmer 2003:241 (K, O, Mo, L, M, H [as Schizaea robusta]); Ke et al. 2022 (Syn. S. robusta = M. robusta); Palmer & Thomas in press (status change from end to ind, also occurs in French Polynesia); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:211 (remove L [no evidence of presence])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Microschizaea robusta Alakai Swamp moss cushions in bog Preserved_Specimen van Royen, P. 11698 Kauai BISH 1977-08-31
2 Microschizaea robusta Anahulu trail, Koolau Mts boggy, near summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 9933 Oahu BISH 1935-06-16
3 Microschizaea robusta NW Alakai Swamp bog; in deep wet moss Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 64328 Kauai BISH 1984-03-31
4 Microschizaea robusta Poamoho trail cut banks; with Isachne pallens, Selaginella, moss, liverworts Preserved_Specimen Davis, J. 0.11769 Oahu BISH 1977-11-15
5 Microschizaea robusta Hanalei District; Namolokama Plateau Rare in Namolokama despite much ideal habitat. Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 3334 Kauai BISH 1991-06-18
6 Microschizaea robusta Head of Kalauao valley along Koolau Summit ridge. On trees and ground in mostly native summit cloud/wet forests Dominated by Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Sadleria, Cibotium, Kadua, Melicope, and others. Growing in bryophyte mats composed mostly of Bazzania, Dicranodontium, Leucobryum, Campylopus, and Herbertus Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 294 Oahu BISH 2022-03-19
7 Microschizaea robusta Kipapa Gulch, Waipio wet forest, on mossy fallen tree trunk Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9792 Oahu BISH 1933-08-08
8 Microschizaea robusta Pihea - Alaki swamp trail On shaded ground beneath dwarf Metrosideros trees. Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2395 Kauai BISH 1972-04-25
9 Microschizaea robusta Kilohana-Wainiha moist forest, with Selaginella deflexa Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 17285 Kauai BISH 1920-01-29
10 Microschizaea robusta Konahuanui Ridge near final peak Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 311 Oahu BISH 1920-03-19
11 Microschizaea robusta Kipapa Gulch, Koolau Mts wooded slope Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1217 Oahu BISH 1933-08-08
12 Microschizaea robusta N end of Alakai Swamp wet forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23057 Kauai BISH 1947-12-25
13 Microschizaea robusta Lehuamakanoi bog Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 30428 Kauai BISH 1926-06-28
14 Microschizaea robusta Anahulu Trail, Kawailoa mossy bank Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 3784 Oahu BISH 1935-06-16
15 Microschizaea robusta Hanalei, Halelea FR, summit of Namolokame Mts central plateau bog; elfin cloud forest with Metrosideros, Pelea, Labordia, Juncus planifolius Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 3011 Kauai BISH 1988-06-17
16 Microschizaea robusta Waineke Swamp. Wet clay soil; occasional. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3156 Kauai BISH 1926-06-28
17 Microschizaea robusta Kalaupapa; Puu Alii, SW small drainage near little bog; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11266 Molokai BISH 2005-04-26
18 Microschizaea robusta Koolau Range, Waikane -Schofield Trail moist bank Preserved_Specimen Cowan, R.S. 15 Oahu BISH 1946-07-29
19 Microschizaea robusta Jungle near Pelekunu Pali In tussock of moss on trunks. Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 6103 Molokai BISH 1910-03-17
20 Microschizaea robusta Waineke Swamp wet clay Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3156 Kauai BISH 1926-06-28
21 Microschizaea robusta Kawaihau, Kealea FR, Makaleha Mts., SE of Pass, N of Stream summit plateau, wet; with Metrosideros polymorpha, Cheirodendron, Hedyotis terminalis, Psychotria, Freycinetia, Dicranopteris, Cibotium; on mossy logs and reclining tree trunks, in sun Preserved_Specimen Lorence, D.H. 7402 Kauai BISH 1993-07-02
22 Microschizaea robusta Konahuanui Ridge near final peak Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 311 Oahu BISH 1920-03-19
23 Microschizaea robusta Kipapa Trail, S ridge of Kipapa Gulch, Waipio, Koolau Mts cloud zone, wet banks Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 565 Oahu BISH 1953-09-27
24 Microschizaea robusta Oahu damp woods, ridges Preserved_Specimen Judd, J.R. Oahu BISH 1888-01-01
25 Microschizaea robusta Poamoho Trail, Paalaa-Wahiawa, Koolau Mts On damp vertical bank. Preserved_Specimen Higgins, N.H. 45 Oahu BISH 1955-11-20
26 Microschizaea robusta Koolau Crest Trail, near Castle Trail, toward Poamoho open slope, with Lobelia gaudichaudii, Plantago, on soil Preserved_Specimen Stemmermann, R.L. 1205 Oahu BISH 1976-10-31
27 Microschizaea robusta above Waikolu valley, Pepeopae edge of bog forest Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2544 Molokai BISH 1938-07-09
28 Microschizaea robusta West Maui, ridge E of Eke dense bryophyte mat, shad Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 2983 Maui BISH 1986-12-18
29 Microschizaea robusta W Maui, Puu Kukui bogs, along ridge past summit Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 1296 Maui BISH 1976-01-05
30 Microschizaea robusta above Kaipapau Gulch small open bog Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 13972 Oahu BISH 1937-05-31
31 Microschizaea robusta Kipapa Gulch, Waipio Metrosideros, Antidesma forest Preserved_Specimen Grant, M.L. 7255 Oahu BISH 1934-08-08
32 Microschizaea robusta Pepeopae Bog edge, in liverwort tussocks; under Coprosma, Myrsine, Metrosideros, Broussaisia Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Molokai BISH 1981-01-07
33 Microschizaea robusta W Maui, Puu Kukui open bog Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10255 Maui BISH 1930-02-07
34 Microschizaea robusta W Maui, Puu Kukui top bog Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 738 Maui BISH 1922-10-09
35 Microschizaea robusta Kawainui gulch, Koolau Mts mossy tree trunk Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 1910 Oahu BISH 1937-05-31
36 Microschizaea robusta Waimea: Alakai Swamp; Alakai Swamp Trail Among moss in bog. Preserved_Specimen Ozaki, E.T. 96 Kauai BISH 1952-12-25
37 Microschizaea robusta Konahuanui, west peak. Southern Koolau Mountains. Epiphytic on Metrosideros rugosa in remnant cloud/wet forest along summit ridge. Growing amongst Anastrophyllum, Bazzania, Cuspidatula, Pleurozia, Campylopus, Dicranodontium, and Leucobryum. Also growing with Adenophorus tripinnatifidus, Huperzia serrata, Citharexylum caudatum, Cibotium glaucum, Hedychium gardnerianum, Myrsine lessertiana, and others. Preserved_Specimen Thomas, M.K. 313 Oahu BISH 2022-04-03
38 Microschizaea robusta N of Pepeopae Bog open rainforest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 5874 Molokai BISH 1928-05-08
39 Microschizaea robusta Kipapa Gulch, S ridge, Waipio, Koolau Mts mossy ground Preserved_Specimen Hosaka, E.Y. 725 Oahu BISH 1932-09-18
40 Microschizaea robusta Koolau Range, Aiea Trail, N. Halawa-Heeia divide cloud zone, mossy low thicket Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 21516 Oahu BISH 1946-02-24
41 Microschizaea robusta Poamoho stream in mossy festoons, rain forest Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2679 Oahu BISH 1986-07-29
42 Microschizaea robusta S. Kohala, N of Honokane Nui stream with Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Machaerina, Viola maviensis, Lycopodium venustulum, Palhinhaea cernua, Myrsine sandwicensis, M. lessertiana, Vaccinium dentatum, Calamagrostis expansa Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 4745 Hawaii BISH 1995-11-15
43 Microschizaea robusta West Maui, Eke trail low fern and moss Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1698 Maui BISH 1962-10-21
44 Microschizaea robusta N of Pepeopae Bog open rainforest Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3565 Molokai BISH 1928-05-03
45 Microschizaea robusta summit of Puu Kukui bog Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2691 Maui BISH 1938-07-26
46 Microschizaea robusta Wailuku District, West Maui Natural Area Reserve-Kahakuloa Section Western headwaters of Kahakuloa Stream, 3100 ft. occasional. Wet shrubland. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. Maui BISH 2023-02-03
47 Microschizaea robusta Haelaau-Puu Kukui trail open, grassy Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. Maui BISH 1956-08-20
48 Microschizaea robusta Alakai Swamp Trail in 2nd bog Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 1513 Kauai BISH 1956-12-27
49 Microschizaea robusta Puu Alii NAR, SW section montane wet forest; Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia arguta, Coprosma ochracea, Cibotium glaucum, Sadleria pallida, Freycinetia arborea, Astelia menziesiana, Hedyotis terminalis, Nertera granadensis, ferns, bryophytes Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11266 Molokai BISH 2005-04-26
50 Microschizaea robusta Between Wahiawa Bog and Stream on bryophyte covered, high humus soil Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2418 Kauai BISH 1972-05-22
51 Microschizaea robusta West Maui, Haelaau-Kukui trail open bog Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Maui BISH 1928-12-18
52 Microschizaea robusta W edge of Wahiawa bog Metrosideros thicket Preserved_Specimen Fay, J.J. 294 Kauai BISH 1975-02-20
53 Microschizaea robusta Crest of main ridge above Punaluu Valley, Koolau Mts. Perched on a tree stump. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1932-11-17
54 Microschizaea robusta Alakai Swamp. Cloud zone. Preserved_Specimen Higgins, N.H. 121 Kauai BISH 1956-12-28
55 Microschizaea robusta NW end of Alakai Swamp open Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10759 Kauai BISH 1930-12-27
56 Microschizaea robusta Konahuanui, W ridge Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1038 Oahu BISH 1909-01-16
57 Microschizaea robusta West Maui, top of Mts Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 475 Maui BISH 1864-01-01
58 Microschizaea robusta Poamoho Trail, Palaa, Wahiawa, jct. with summit trail Preserved_Specimen Lamoureux, C.H. 1929 Oahu BISH 1951-10-15
59 Microschizaea robusta Lanihuli Preserved_Specimen Bush, W. 2500 Oahu BISH 1924-11-09
60 Microschizaea robusta above Waikolu valley, Pepeopae bog Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2554 Molokai BISH 1938-07-12
61 Microschizaea robusta Castle trail, near Punaluu summit above Kaluanui Valley Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 1797 Oahu BISH 1984-10-28
62 Microschizaea robusta main peak of Mt. Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 318 Oahu BISH 1920-03-14
63 Microschizaea robusta Eke Crater Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 381 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
64 Microschizaea robusta Konahuanui Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2787 Oahu BISH 1924-06-15
65 Microschizaea robusta Kaholuamanu, behind Waimea Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 417 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
66 Microschizaea robusta Alakai, between Lehua makanoe and Kilohana Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 2887 Kauai BISH 1938-08-16
67 Microschizaea robusta Oahu Preserved_Specimen Baldwin, D.D. 11 Oahu BISH 1859-06-01
68 Microschizaea robusta Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 649 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
69 Microschizaea robusta Waikane summit Preserved_Specimen Takeuchi, W.N. 2008 Oahu BISH 1985-02-24
70 Microschizaea robusta Waimea Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 889 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
71 Microschizaea robusta Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 56 Maui BISH 1910-05-01
72 Microschizaea robusta Wahiawa Bog Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 169 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
73 Microschizaea robusta Mt. Eke, below summit Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 3155 Maui BISH 1927-08-29
74 Microschizaea robusta Waialeale Preserved_Specimen Topping, D.L. 2814 Kauai BISH 1924-08-17
75 Microschizaea robusta W Maui, Puu Kukui Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 61 Maui BISH 1922-10-09
76 Microschizaea robusta Waialeale Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5038 Kauai BISH 1909-01-01
77 Microschizaea robusta Wahiawa Bog Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 169 Kauai BISH 1909-08-01
78 Microschizaea robusta Castle Trail, off Kam Hwy. at Punaluu Superette Store Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6076 Oahu BISH 1969-09-06
79 Microschizaea robusta Kawailoa just below summit Preserved_Specimen Hartt, C.E. Oahu BISH 1937-10-31
80 Microschizaea robusta Kohala Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 8422 Hawaii BISH 1910-06-01
81 Microschizaea robusta Malakahama, top of ridge near ranger cabin Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Oahu BISH 1932-09-01
82 Microschizaea robusta Poamoho Trail, Koolau Mts., summit Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. Oahu BISH 1961-10-15
83 Microschizaea robusta Waialeale Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
84 Microschizaea robusta Konahuanui. Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Oahu BISH 1909-11-07
85 Microschizaea robusta Kawela Gulch, Pepeopae Bog Preserved_Specimen Gagné, B.H. Molokai BISH 1981-01-01
86 Microschizaea robusta Near Nahalalua. Preserved_Specimen Lohman, M.L. Maui BISH 1948-09-08
87 Microschizaea robusta Waialeale Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1911-10-20
88 Microschizaea robusta Waineke Swamp Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. Kauai BISH 1926-06-28
89 Microschizaea robusta Kauai Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH 1916-10-01
90 Microschizaea robusta unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5998 BISH 1909-01-01
91 Microschizaea robusta unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5999 BISH 1909-01-01
92 Microschizaea robusta unknown Preserved_Specimen Lack, F. BISH 1880-01-01
93 Microschizaea robusta Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition BISH 1838-01-01
94 Microschizaea robusta unknown Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. BISH
95 Microschizaea robusta unknown: Maui, Oahu, Kauai. Preserved_Specimen BISH
96 Microschizaea robusta unknown Preserved_Specimen 50 BISH
97 Microschizaea robusta Oahu Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 475 Oahu BISH 1864-01-01
98 Microschizaea robusta NW of Kalaheo above Alexander Reservoir low wet rain forest with Metrosideros, Antidesma, Eugenia, lobeliads, Lycopodium Preserved_Specimen Henrickson, J.S. 4024 Kauai BISH 1969-07-31
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